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Revocation of the Tails signing key

Revocation of the Tails signing key

This document proposes a mechanism for the distribution and activation of the revocation certificate of the Tails signing key.

Status

This document is obsolete.

It will be simplified or removed by tails/summit/-/issues/36.

Goals

Covered by the current proposal:

Prevent any single individual from revoking our signing key.
Allow a coalition of people from the Board to revoke our signing key in case most of the people from the Board become unavailable.
Allow a coalition of people, not necessarily from the Board, to revoke our signing key in case everybody or almost everybody from the Board becomes unavailable.
Make it hard for a coalition of people not from the Board to revoke our signing key unless everybody or almost everybody from the Board becomes unavailable.
People not from the Board shouldn't know how the shares are spread and who has them.
People in possession of a share of the revocation certificate of the signing key should have instructions on how to use it if needed.

Groups

We define four complementary groups of trusted people:

Group A: people from the Board themselves
Group B
Group C
Group D

All these people should have an OpenPGP key and understand what a revocation certificate is.

Cryptographic shares

We generate a revocation certificate of the signing key and split it into a number of cryptographic shares, using for example Shamir's secret sharing scheme implemented by gfshare.

The following combinations of people could get together and reassemble their shares to reconstruct a complete revocation certificate:

Three people from the Board: A{3}
Two people from the Board and one person not from the Board: A{2}+(B|C|D)
One person from the Board, and two people not from the Board but from two different groups: A+(B|C|D){2}
Three people not from the Board but from three different groups: (B+C+D){3}

We generate these shares:

N shares, one for each person from the Board
1 share for people in group B
1 share for people in group C
1 share for people in group D

Who knows what

People from the Board know the composition of each group
People not from the Board:
- Are explained in which circumstances they should revoke the signing key
- Are told to write to a certain contact email address if they decide to revoke the signing key
- Are told that they need three different shares to reassemble the revocation certificate

Infrastructure

Everybody who owns a share is subscribed to a mailing list.
This mailing list is hosted on a trusted server different from boum.org to be more resilient than our usual communication channels.
Someone hosting the mailing list is part of group B, C, or D so they can ensure that the list keeps working even if it never used.

Changing the members of the groups B, C, or D

To add someone to a given group:

Request someone from that group to send her share to the new person in the group.

To remove someone from a given group:

Send new shares to everybody except to the person who is being removed.
Request everybody to delete their previous share and track this. Once everybody in 2 groups amongst B, C, or D have deleted their share, it becomes impossible for them to reassemble the revocation certificate with the previous set of shares.
Let's hope that this doesn't happen very often :)

Expiry

There is no expiry date on revocation certificates. One way of cancelling the revocation power is to destroy all copies of shares of 2 groups amongst B, C, or D.

Invitation email

Someone who has a personal trust relationship with the person being invited sends this email.

Subject: distribution

Hi,

We want to propose you to be part of a distributed mechanism for the
revocation certificate of the Tails signing key.

The idea is to distribute cryptographic shares of this revocation
certificate to people that we trust. These cryptographic shares can be
put together to reassemble the revocation certificate and revoke the
Tails signing key. This may be needed in case something really bad
happens to us and we are not able to do the revocation ourselves.

Note: In all this document, 'us' refers to the Board.

You can read a complete description of the distribution mechanism on:

https://tails.net/doc/about/openpgp_keys/signing_key_revocation.

The recipe is public and the only secret component is the list of people
who are in possession of the cryptographic material.

We are proposing this to you because we trust in both your technical
abilities to store your share in a safe place and manipulate it as
required. But also because we trust you as a human being to make
informed judgment on when to use your share and act only in the
interest of Tails.

The bad things that could happen if the mechanism fails are:

A. The signing key is not revoked when it should be. This could allow
possible attackers to distribute malicious Tails images or publish
malicious information on our name.

B. The signing key is revoked when it should not have been. This would
prevent people from verifying our images with OpenPGP until we
publish a new signing key and build trust in it.

Distribution of the shares
==========================

Each person from the Board, group A, has a *different* share, A1,
A2, ..., An.

On top of this, we defined three complementary groups, B, C, and D of
trusted people who have a close relationship with Tails but different
interests and different access to information about us. You are part of
one of these groups.

Everybody in group B has an *identical* share B.

Everybody in group C has an *identical* share C.

Everybody in group D has an *identical* share D.

Three different shares are needed to reassemble the revocation
certificate. For example, shares A1, A2, and A3, or shares A1, B, and C.

How to store your share
=======================

Please keep your share in an encrypted storage and make it as hard as
you can for untrusted people to get a copy of it.

You can rename the file as long as you keep the number in the file name
of your share as it is needed to use the share.

Feel free to back up the file but we might also request you to delete it
at some point and you should be able to know whether you still have a
copy of it or not. It is all-right to lose your share as long as you
tell us that you have lost it. It is actually worse to still have a copy
of the share "somewhere" while thinking that you don't, than to lose
it by mistake.

Don't hesitate to ask us if you need clarification on the technical
aspects of this.

When to use your share
======================

Everybody in possession of a share is subscribed to a mailing list.

If someone in possession of a share gets to learn about a very bad event
that happened to many of us and really thinks that we are not capable of
revoking the Tails signing key ourselves anymore, then this person
should write to the mailing list explaining why she thinks that the
signing key needs to be revoked.

Yes, there is no mathematically proven algorithm for this and here is
where your judgment as a human being is needed. The description of the
very bad event should be checked or backed by enough people to be
plausible.

People on the list who are also convinced that the signing key should be
revoked share their shares until they have 3 different shares. Then they
can assemble the revocation certificate and publish it to revoke the
signing key.

Keep in mind that we could still revoke the signing key ourselves as
long as three of us are able to communicate and gather their shares. So
we only need your help if no more than two of us are still able to
communicate.

Unless you really want to start the key revocation process, do not write
to this mailing list.

Further communications
======================

In case we need to communicate with you about this revocation mechanism
in the future, we will always do it through the tails@boum.org mailing
list. We might do so for example to:

  - Ask you to send your share to a new member of your group.

  - Ask you to delete your share. This could be needed to cancel the
    power of others people's share: as long as enough of you delete
    their shares, the few people that might not delete them would end up
    with unusable shares.

The tails@boum.org mailing list has its own OpenPGP key, which is
signed by the Tails signing key itself:

    https://tails.net/tails-email.key

So, can we count on you for this?

If you answer positively, we will send you your share and subscribe you
to the mailing list.

Thanks, and may the force be with you!

Keeping the members of the groups B, C, and D up-to-date

At least every 2 years, we make sure that the mechanism still works:

We review internally the list of members of each group and decide possible additions to, and removals from, each group.
We write to every individual member of each group to ask them to check that they still have their share and the number in the file name.
We log in to the administration interface of the mailing list, make sure that it still exists, and is configured correctly.

Update email

We send these emails through tails@boum.org to avoid the need for a personal trust relationship between the person sending the mail and the recipient. We don't send shares from groups B, C, or D with tails@boum.org by doing so.

Subject: update

Hi,

Some years ago, you agreed to be part of a distributed mechanism for the
revocation certificate of the Tails signing key and we sent you a
cryptographic share of this revocation certificate.

Today, we are asking you to:

1. Verify the authenticity of this email, either by verifying that it is
   signed by the tails@boum.org mailing or by talking directly to
   someone from the Board.

   The tails@boum.org mailing list has its own OpenPGP key, which is
   signed by the Tails signing key itself:

   https://tails.net/tails-email.key

2. Confirm whether you still have in your possession:

   - Your share of the revocation certificate.

   - The number NNN in the file name of your share.

     The file was named tails-signing-key-revocation-cert.asc.NNN, where
     NNN is a 3 digit number.

For the record, the address of the mailing list that you should write to
in case you want to assemble the revocation certificate is:

    address@example.org

Do not write to this mailing list unless you really want to start the
key revocation process.

We are also copying below a summary of the mechanism.

XXX: Copy the invitation email:
XXX: - Include "You can read a complete description of the distribution mechanism on:"
XXX: - Stop before "So, can we count on you for this?"

Adding a new member

Send the invitation email to the new member.
If they agree, ask someone else from the same group to send them their share of the key.

Unfortunately, this reveals some membership information to these two people.
Ask the new member to confirm the reception of their share.

Sharing email

Subject: sharing

Hi,

We asked someone else from your group to send you a copy of your share.

Please tell us once you receive it.

The address of the mailing list that you should write to in case you
want to assemble the revocation certificate is:

    address@example.org

Do not write to this mailing list unless you really want to start the
key revocation process.

Thanks, and may the force be with you!