Which additional software can I install in Tails?

Tails include un insieme limitato di applicazioni ma puoi installare ulteriori programmi.

Questi programmi vengono distribuiti in pacchetti disponibili nei repository Debian, che sono simili a un app store.

Per sapere quali pacchetti sono disponibili in Debian:

• Sfogliali localmente con il Gestore pacchetti Synaptic:

  1. When starting Tails, set up an administration password.

  2. Choose Applications ▸ System Tools ▸ Synaptic Package Manager.

  3. Attendi che Synaptic finisca di scaricare le informazioni sui nuovi pacchetti dai server di Debian.

  4. Puoi:

     • Sfogliare i pacchetti per sezioni dalla barra laterale sinistra.

     • Search on titles and descriptions of packages with the Search button.

• Cerca su Internet per trovare alternative ad altri programmi.

  Per esempio: "alternative debian a photoshop".

• Chiedi a una persona amica che abbia dimestichezza con Linux.

• Cerca sul sito web di Debian.

Be careful about what you install

Se hai dei dubbi:

• I pacchetti che utilizzano la rete devono venire configurati per passare attraverso Tor. Altrimenti, non potranno accedere alla rete.

• Alcuni programmi potrebbero, ad esempio, modificare il firewall e compromettere la sicurezza fornita da Tails. Ma altri programmi come i giochi o le applicazioni per ufficio probabilmente vanno bene.

• I programmi non ufficialmente inclusi in Tails potrebbero non essere stati sottoposti a verifiche di sicurezza. Inoltre, non possiamo fornire assistenza o documentazione per tali programmi.

• Solo le applicazioni che sono impacchettate per Debian possono venire installate e sono sottoposte a scrutinio pubblico.

Esempi di programmi addizionali

• VLC, a multimedia player with advanced features.

• Pitivi, a video editor.

• Scribus, a page layout application.

• Cheese, an application to take pictures and videos from your webcam.

• Mumble, a voice chat application.

• Calibre, an EPUB reader and library manager.

• GtkHash, a utility to calculate the checksum of files.

Language packages and dictionaries

Replace lang with the code for your language. For example, vi for Vietnamese.

Tails already includes language packages and dictionaries for Arabic, German, Spanish, Farsi, French, Hindi, Bahasa Indonesia, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Turkish, and Simplified Chinese.

• LibreOffice language package: libreoffice-l10n-lang

  List of available LibreOffice language packages

• Thunderbird language package: thunderbird-l10n-lang

  List of available Thunderbird language packages

• Hunspell dictionnary: hunspell-lang

  The Hunspell dictionaries are used for spell-checking by Tor Browser, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, and many other applications.

  List of available Hunspell dictionnaries

Installare programmi addizionali

Per installare un pacchetto usando Synaptic:

1. When starting Tails, set up an administration password.

2. Choose Applications ▸ System Tools ▸ Synaptic Package Manager.

3. Click Search and search for the name of the package.

4. Fai clic con il tasto destro (su Mac, fai clic con due dita) sul nome del pacchetto nei risultati di ricerca e seleziona Installa.

5. Synaptic calculates the additional changes for your package to work. Click Mark to confirm those changes.

6. Click Apply to download, install, and configure the package.

Installare programmi addizionali quando avvii Tails

To install an additional package automatically when starting Tails:

1. Turn on the Additional Software feature of the Persistent Storage.

2. Install the package using Synaptic or the apt command.

3. After the package is installed, a notification appears to ask if you want to install this package every time you start Tails in the future.

   

   • If you choose Install Every Time, the package is saved in the Persistent Storage and will be reinstalled automatically every time you start Tails.

     The package will also be updated automatically when you connect to the Internet.

   • If you choose Install Only Once, the package is also saved in the Persistent Storage but won't be reinstalled automatically every time you start Tails.

The same package can be reinstalled faster for some time because you won't have to download it again.

Using additional software

Once installed, applications that don't use the network usually work out of the box. However, Tails has some differences in terms of additional configuration and network access.

Additional configuration

To save the configuration of additional software across different Tails sessions, you can use the Dotfiles feature of the Persistent Storage.

Each application handles its configuration very differently, so we cannot give general instructions on which files have to be saved using the Dotfiles features.

Network access

Tails only allows connections to the Tor network. Additional software that uses the Internet must be configured to go through the Tor network otherwise, their connections are blocked by default for security.

To make an application use the Tor network, you can either:

A. Configure the application to use Tor as a proxy with the following parameters:

• Type: SOCKS5
• Host: 127.0.0.1
• Port: 9050

For example, to use Mumble in Tails, you can configure Tor as proxy in the network configuration of Mumble:

B. Run the application using torsocks on the command line.

Execute the following command in a Terminal. Replace application with the command line of the application that you want to run:

torsocks application

For example, to use Mumble in Tails, you can also execute the following command:

torsocks mumble

Technical networking considerations

• Only TCP connections can go through the Tor network.

• UDP connections, for example in many VoIP applications, and ICMP connections, for example in the ping utility, cannot go through the Tor network and are blocked in Tails.

• DNS requests go through the Tor network if the application uses the system configuration otherwise, DNS requests will fail to resolve.

• IPv6 connections are blocked in Tails.

• The default Tor port in Tails (9050) forces the use of different Tor circuits for each different destination IP and port, also called "stream isolation".

Verifica la tua lista di programmi addizionali

To see which packages are installed automatically every time you start Tails, choose Applications ▸ System Tools ▸ Additional Software.

Click the button to remove a package from the list.

The same list is also available from the Persistent Storage settings, by clicking on the button of the Additional Software feature.

Rimuovere dei programmi addizionali

Una volta installato il pacchetto, se hai selezionato:

• Install Only Once, you can remove it by restarting Tails.

• Install Every Time, you can remove it:

  • Usando Software aggiuntivo:

    1. Choose Applications ▸ System Tools ▸ Additional Software.

    2. Click the to the right of the name of the package.

  • Usando Synaptic:

    1. When starting Tails, set up an administration password.

    2. Choose Applications ▸ System Tools ▸ Synaptic Package Manager.

    3. Click Search and search for the name of the package.

    4. Fai clic con il tasto destro (su Mac, fai clic con due dita) sul nome del pacchetto nei risultati di ricerca e seleziona Rimuovi.

    5. Click Apply to remove the package.

  • From the command line using apt.

  Dopo la rimozione del pacchetto, appare una notifica per chiederti se vuoi rimuovere il pacchetto dalla tua lista di programmi aggiuntivi.

  

Freeing space in your Persistent Storage

After you installed many packages that you are not using anymore, you can free some space in your Persistent Storage:

1. When starting Tails, set up an administration password.

2. Choose Applications ▸ System Tools ▸ Root Terminal to open a Root Terminal.

3. Esegui il comando seguente:

   apt clean

Configuring additional APT repositories (for advanced users)

A volte, potresti aver bisogno di configurare dei repository APT supplementari. Ad esempio per installare pacchetti dalla sezione non-free di Debian. Per fare questo:

1. When starting Tails, set up an administration password.

2. Create an apt-sources.list.d folder in your Persistent Storage:

   sudo install -d -m 755 /live/persistence/TailsData_unlocked/apt-sources.list.d

3. As root, edit /live/persistence/TailsData_unlocked/persistence.conf, the configuration of the Persistent Storage, and add the apt-sources.list.d folder as a feature of type link:

   /etc/apt/sources.list.d  source=apt-sources.list.d,link
   

4. Write your additional sources.list files in the apt-sources.list.d folder.

   For example, to add the non-free sections of Debian 11 (Bullseye), backports, and security updates, you can create a file named /live/persistence/TailsData_unlocked/apt-sources.list.d/non-free.list with the following content:

   deb tor+http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ bullseye non-free
   deb tor+http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-backports non-free
   deb tor+http://security.debian.org/ bullseye/updates non-free
   

   File names must end with .list and must only contain the following characters: letters, digits, underscore, hyphen, and period.

5. Correggi il proprietario e i permessi del tuo file sources.list supplementare in modo che il suo proprietario sia root e il file sia in sola lettura per gli altri. Ad esempio:

   chown root:root /live/persistence/TailsData_unlocked/apt-sources.list.d/non-free.list
   chmod 644 /live/persistence/TailsData_unlocked/apt-sources.list.d/non-free.list
   

6. Riavvia Tails per applicare le modifiche.